国際的にはWHOのような専門機関が、国家レベルでは省庁が公衆衛生に取り組んでいますが、歴史や文化を背景に、国によってその捉え方は大きく異なります。公衆衛生は集団の健康、生命の延長、疾病対策や伝染病の予防を扱う点が、病人を対象とする公共医療と異なります。世界の事例を参照し、公共衛生の多様なあり方に光をあてます。
  

• Places public health in its historical context, and analyses how the changing face of public health is essential to understanding its contemporary concerns
• Discusses the demographic, institutional, scientific, political, and professional influences, which have shaped views about the health of the public
• Considers the differences in approaches to public health across the globe, from biosecurity and the defence of the nation against terrorist attack in the US, to health promoting, and 'well-being' aspects of health in the UK

 
Public health is a term much used in the media, by health professionals, and by activists. At the national or the local level there are ministries or departments of public health, whilst international agencies such as the World Health Organisation promote public health policies, and regional organisations such as the European Union have public health funding and policies. But what do we mean when we speak about 'public health'?
  
In this Very Short Introduction Virginia Berridge explores the areas which fall under the remit of public health, and explains how the individual histories of different countries have come to cause great differences in the perception of the role and responsibilities of public health organisations. Thus, in the United States litigation on public health issues is common, but state involvement is less, while some Scandinavian countries have a tradition of state involvement or even state ownership of industries such as alcohol in connection with public health. In its narrowest sense, public health can refer to the health of a population, the longevity of individual members, and their freedom from disease, but it can also be anticipatory, geared to the prevention of illness, rather than simply the provision of care and treatment. In the way public health deals with healthy as well as sick people it is therefore a separate concept from health services, which deal with the sick population. Drawing on a wide range of international examples, Berridge demonstrates the central role of history to understanding the amorphous nature of public health today.