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Overfishing: What Everyone Needs to Know®
Overfishing: What Everyone Needs to Know®
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海洋漁業の衰退、世界の漁業生産の持続可能性、漁業が海洋生態系に与える影響に対しては、過去20年以上にわたり社会の関心が向けられてきました。海洋保護や、持続可能で倫理的な魚の消費については、多くの人が懸念を表明しています。果たして漁業は崩壊の危機に瀕しているのでしょうか。この食料システムを代替するものをすぐに見つける必要があるのでしょうか。特定の魚種を絶滅に追いやるような漁を懸念すべきでしょうか。商業漁業は持続可能な方法で行うことができるでしょうか。漁業の悲惨な状況に関する大げさな予測は多々あるものの、乱獲をめぐる基本的な問題について、明確な科学的説明は少なく、乱獲による漁獲量や生態系への実際の影響については大きな混乱が生じています。
本書は、乱獲に関わる幅広い問題を取り上げ、海洋の現状を解説し、乱獲をなくすための解決策について、簡潔かつ明瞭に、説得力のある全体像を提示する入門書です。魚獲に関連する科学的、政治的、経済的、倫理的な問題を通じて読者を導き、持続的に管理される漁業と、そうでないものについての疑問に答えます。歴史的な乱獲、公海漁業、レクリエーション漁業、違法漁業、気候と漁業、トロール漁、経済的・生物的乱獲、海洋保護区などを取り上げるほか、これらの問題のそれぞれの影響を説明するために、異なる魚種でのケーススタディを取り入れています。著者は漁業の未来について、全体的には楽観的な見方を示しています。世界のほとんどの魚は乱獲されておらず、かつて乱獲された多くの資源は現在回復しつつあります。私たちは、漁業が持続可能で、国の富と食料安全保障に貢献するよう、管理の失敗と成功から学ぶことができるのです。
   

  • Clear, engaging, and scientifically-based guide to understanding the major issues surrounding overfishing
  • Considers all sides of overfishing issue and provides a balanced view
  • Includes case studies of major fisheries as a frame for understanding major issues

   
Over the past twenty years considerable public attention has been focused on the decline of marine fisheries, the sustainability of world fish production, and the impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems. Many have voiced their concerns about marine conservation, as well as the sustainable and ethical consumption of fish. But are fisheries in danger of collapse? Will we soon need to find ways to replace this food system? Should we be worried that we could be fishing certain species to extinction? Can commercial fishing be carried out in a sustainable way? While overblown prognoses concerning the dire state of fisheries are plentiful, clear scientific explanations of the basic issues surrounding overfishing are less so - and there remains great confusion about the actual amount of overfishing and its ecological impact. 
   
Overfishing: What Everyone Needs to Know will provide a balanced explanation of the broad issues associated with overfishing. Guiding readers through the scientific, political, economic, and ethical issues associated with harvesting fish from the ocean, it will provide answers to questions about which fisheries are sustainably managed and which are not. Ray and Ulrike Hilborn address topics including historical overfishing, high seas fisheries, recreational fisheries, illegal fishing, climate and fisheries, trawling, economic and biological overfishing, and marine protected areas. In order to illustrate the effects of each of these issues, they will incorporate case studies of different species of fish. 
   
Overall, the authors present a hopeful view of the future of fisheries. Most of the world's fisheries are not overfished, and many once overfished stocks are now rebuilding. In fact, we can learn from the management failures and successes to ensure that fisheries are sustainable and contribute to national wealth and food security. Concise and clear, this book presents a compelling "big picture " of the state of oceans and the solutions to ending overfishing.

目次: 

Preface
 
Chapter 1: Overfishing

What is overfishing?
What is a sustainable harvest?
Can fisheries be sustainably harvested?
Is overfishing a new problem?
Why does sustainable fishing reduce the number of fish in the ocean?
What is a collapsed fishery?
I have heard stories of the Canadian cod, what happened?
Why did the Canadian cod collapse?
Are all cod fisheries collapsed?
 
Chapter 2: Historical overfishing

Is overfishing a new problem?
Can whales be sustainably harvested?
How do we estimate the abundance of animals in the ocean?
Can scientists estimate the sustainable yield?
Is there any value in Japanese "research whaling "?
Is depleting one population and moving onto the next a common problem?
 
Chapter 3 : Recovery of Fisheries

Can fish stocks recover from overfishing?
How important is habitat to fish populations?
What about the enormous numbers seen by John Smith?
What is the difference between recruitment overfishing and growth overfishing?
Can recreational and commercial fisheries co-exist?

Chapter 4: Modern industrial fisheries management
What is an example of a well-managed fishery?
What is different about the pollock fishery that makes it such a good example of sustainable management?
Why does the allowable catch change so much from year to year?
What is a stock assessment?
What is an observer program?
Why are there not more observer programs in world fisheries?
What is a certified fishery?
Why do some NGOs believe the Eastern Bering Sea pollock fishery is not well managed?

Chapter 5: Economic Overfishing
Is overfishing only a biological problem?
What are individual fishermen's quotas, the IFQs?
What are the benefits of IFQs?
What are the negative impacts of IFQs?
What is economic overfishing?
How economically efficient are world fisheries in general?
How do we prevent economic overfishing?
Are there ways to prevent the tragedy of the commons without privatizing fisheries?
What are community development quotas?
How does sector allocation work?
What other mechanisms have been used to allocate fish?

Chapter 6: Climate and fisheries
How does climate affect fish populations?
Are many fisheries affected by climate?
How can we tell if a fishery is declining because of climate or fishing pressure?
What are going to be the impacts on fisheries from a warming ocean?
What will be the impacts of ocean acidification?

Chapter 7: Mixed fisheries
Do fisheries catch one species or more?
What determines how hard a fish species can be harvested?
How do we balance harvesting high- and low-productivity species in mixed fisheries?
What is "underfishing"?
Is it better to give up potential yield of productive species to keep unproductive species at high abundance?
How can we manage fisheries to reduce the mixed nature of the fishery?

Chapter 8: High Seas Fisheries
What is the status of bluefin tuna that were proposed for CITES listing?
What is the status of tuna around the world?
Are there examples of international fisheries management organizations that have been successful?
Why are some tuna stocks under-exploited and others overexploited?
Is there hope for managing these high-seas fisheries?

Chapter 9: Deepwater fisheries
We hear a lot about the collapse of orange roughy stocks - what happened to them?
Can very slow growing fish like orange roughy be sustainably managed?
What is the experience with orange roughy in other countries?
Does closing large sections of New Zealand's economic zone assure the sustainability of orange roughy?
Should we have left potential orange roughy stocks unfished until we know more about their biology and ecosystem?
How should we deal with new resources when their biology and sustainability is highly uncertain?

Chapter 10: Recreational fisheries
Are recreational fisheries fundamentally different from commercial fisheries?
What is the scale of recreational fishing in the United States and Europe?
How does recreational fish management differ from managing commercial fisheries?
How does freshwater recreational fisheries management differ from saltwater recreational fisheries?
Does recreational fishing play a role in overfishing?
 
Chapter 11: Small scale and artisanal fisheries

Many of the fisheries of the world are small scale - how can they be managed?
Is Chile typical of small scale fisheries?
How were fisheries managed prior to modern governmental fisheries agencies?
What are the characteristics of territorial fishing rights?
What are the general lessons for successful management of small scale fisheries?
 
Chapter 12: Illegal fishing

Is illegal fishing an important problem in overfishing?
Is the illegal fishing of Patagonian toothfish unusual?
How can some toothfish fisheries be certified as well-managed while there remains substantial illegal harvesting?
What methods can be used to reduce illegal fishing in international waters?
 
Chapter 13: Trawling impacts on ecosystems

How do trawls and dredges work and why are they still used to catch fish?
Is trawling the ocean like clear-cutting the forest?
How long do ecosystems take to recover from trawling?
Are there alternatives to trawling and dredging as ways to catch fish?
 
Chapter 14: Marine Protected Areas

What are Marine Protected Areas?
What do Marine Protected Areas protect?
How much of the world's oceans are now closed to fishing?
What is the impact of closing areas to fishing?
Do MPAs increase the abundance of fish?
Can MPAs solve some of the problems of overfishing?
How much of the ocean should be set aside as protected from fishing?
 
Chapter 15: Ecosystem impacts of fishing

How does overfishing affect ecosystems?
Are coral reefs particularly sensitive to fishing?
What is a trophic cascade?
Do forage fish need special protection?
What is by-catch and how important is it?
How does ecosystem based management differ from single species management?
What is the precautionary approach to fisheries management?
How many marine fish species are threatened with extinction?

Chapter 16: The status of overfishing
Are the world's stocks overfished?
What characterizes countries that have managed their fisheries well and those that have not?
How important are subsidies in the current problem with fisheries?
Is consumer action and certification an important part of stopping overfishing?
How do the environmental costs of fishing compare to those of livestock?
Should we all become vegetarians?
What is needed to stop overfishing?
 
Further Reading
Index

著者について: 

Ray Hilborn, Professor, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, and Ulrike Hilborn
 

Ray Hilborn is Professor in the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington. Ulrike Hilborn is a writer and has worked with her husband, Ray, for 37 years.

"A lucid explication of a highly tangled issue...after years of bitter argument, this noncontentious book should be welcomed by anyone who cares about fish." --New York Times
   

"In his compact new book, Ray Hilborn (helped with his writer wife, Ulrike) clearly explains a complex situation and the importance of international sustainable fishing." --Booklist
 

"Ray Hilborn (Univ. of Washington), a well-known fishery biologist, presents a comprehensive analysis of the overfishing problem, and he correctly points out that many species are not being overfished." - J. C. Briggs, CHOICE

商品情報

ISBN : 9780199798148

著者: 
Ray Hilborn
ページ
168 ページ
フォーマット
Paperback
サイズ
142 x 209 mm
刊行日
2012年04月
シリーズ
What Everyone Needs to Know
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Overfishing: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Overfishing: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Overfishing: What Everyone Needs to Know®