Social Determinants of Health: A Comparative Approach introduces the various elements that determine the health of individuals in their communities. The text takes a macro-level approach, focusing on population health rather than strictly on individual health. Social Determinants of Health focuses on "Anglo-American" countries-Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia-examining the commonalities and differences socially, economically, and politically. The text begins by outlining the background, theory, and evidence for a population health perspective. This is followed by discussion of environmental factors, such as employment, housing, and diet, and social factors such as gender, support and well-being, and being an Aboriginal person. The text concludes with an overview of the social patterning of health-relevant behaviour and the politics of health-related policy. Written in an accessible manner, Social Determinants of Health further engages students by offering case studies and "Pause and Reflect" boxes, as well as end-of-chapter questions, suggested readings, and websites.
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION: THE CONVENTIONAL UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH AND ITS ALTERNATIVE
HOW WE UNDERSTAND THREATS TO OUR HEALTH
A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON OUR HEALTH: RISE OF AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
THE BASIS OF HEALTH INEQUALITIES
WHAT LIES AHEAD
1. THINKING ABOUT INDIVIDUAL AND POPULATION HEALTH
SYNOPSIS
LEVELS OF ANALYSIS
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL ANALYSIS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
ORIGINS OF POPULATION HEALTH
SOME NOTES ON TERMS
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
2. POPULATION HEALTH AND SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
SYNOPSIS
THE EMERGENCE OF THE FIELD "SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY"
GEOFFREY ROSE AND THE POPULATION HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
THE IMPACT OF RECENT STUDIES ON THINKING ABOUT HEALTH
THE GRADIENT IN HEALTH
THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THEORY
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
3. INCOME, INEQUALITY, AND HEALTH
SYNOPSIS
THE GRADIENT IN HEALTH
UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCOME AND HEALTH
THE INEQUALITY HYPOTHESIS UNDER ASSAULT
WHAT ARE WE TO MAKE OF THE LITERATURE ON INEQUALITY AND HEALTH?
THE IMPORTANCE OF KEEPING MATERIALIST ARGUMENTS SEPARATE FROM ONES ABOUT HIERARCHY AND
CONTROL
INCOME AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
PUBLIC PROGRAMS AND SERVICES
POVERTY AND ITS MITIGATION
LOWER TAXES OR MORE PUBLIC SPENDING?
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
4. CHILDHOOD AND THE TRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD
SYNOPSIS
EARLY CHILDHOOD
ANIMAL STUDIES
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PSYCHOLOGY
EARLY CHILDHOOD POLICY
A NOTE ON THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM
OLDER CHILDREN AND TEENS
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
5. SOCIAL SUPPORT, SOCIAL CAPITAL, AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION
SYNOPSIS
SOCIAL NORMS, PREDICTABILITY, AND HUMAN HEALTH
SOCIAL NETWORKS
SOCIAL SUPPORT AND HEALTH
SOCIAL COHESION
SOCIAL CAPITAL
SENSE OF COMMUNITY BELONGING
SOCIAL EXCLUSION
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
6. HEALTH OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES
SYNOPSIS
WHO ARE THE ABORIGINAL PEOPLES?
THE HEALTH OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES
UNDERSTANDING THE DETERMINANTS OF ABORIGINAL HEALTH
A STORY OF DRAMATIC IMPROVEMENT
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
7. GENDER AND HEALTH
SYNOPSIS
THE HEALTH OF WOMEN AND MEN
THE EFFECTS OF MARRIAGE ON HEALTH
DISTRESS AMONG WOMEN
GENDER EQUITY
EDUCATION AND THE HEALTH OF WOMEN AND THEIR COMMUNITIES
GAY, LESBIAN, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDERED PEOPLE
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
8. EMPLOYMENT, WORKING CONDITIONS, AND HEALTH
SYNOPSIS
THE CENTRALITY OF EMPLOYMENT TO ADULT HEALTH
HEALTH AND JOBS
UNEMPLOYMENT AND HEALTH
CHANGES IN THE NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT
WORKING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH
POLICIES AFFECTING EMPLOYMENT, EARNINGS, JOB BENEFITS, AND WORKING CONDITIONS
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
9. HOUSING AND NEIGHBOURHOOD
SYNOPSIS
HOMES AND HEALTH
NEIGHBOURHOOD AND HEALTH
URBAN DESIGN, THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
HOUSING POLICY AND HEALTH
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
10. FOOD, FOOD INSECURITY, OBESITY, AND NUTRITION
SYNOPSIS
DIET AND THE HEALTH OF POPULATIONS
WHAT IS A HEALTHY DIET? THE CANADA FOOD GUIDE
THE RELATIVE COST OF HEALTHY FOODS
OBESITY
DIET AND HEALTH
POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
SUMMARY
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
11. SOCIAL PATTERNING OF BEHAVIOUR
SYNOPSIS
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND ITS CONTEXT
HEALTHY LIFESTYLES
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
12. THE POLITICS OF POPULATION HEALTH
MODELS OF HEALTH
GLOBALIZATION AND HUMAN HEALTH
POPULATION HEALTH AND POLITICS
ANNOTATED SUGGESTED READINGS
ANNOTATED WEBSITES
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
INDEX
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