Terry Sicular is Professor of Economics at the University of Western Ontario. She has been conducting research on China's economy since the 1980s. Her current research focuses on topics related to income distribution and poverty in China. Since 2000 she has been a lead member of the China Household Income Project (CHIP). Shi Li is Professor of Economics in the School of Economics and Business and Acting Director of the Institute for Income Distribution at Beijing Normal University. He is one of China's leading experts on economic inequality and poverty in China and has published widely on the topic. He participated in the 1988 and 1995 China Household Income Project (CHIP) surveys and since 2000 has been the lead member of the CHIP surveys. Ximing Yue is Professor of Economics at the School of Finance, the Renmin University of China. He has published extensively in Chinese, English and Japanese. He is currently working on income distribution, rural poverty, and local public; finance in China. He participated in the 2002, 2007, and 2013 China Household Income Project (CHIP) surveys. Hiroshi Sato is Vice President of Hitotsubashi University and Professor of the Graduate School of Economics at Hitotsubashi University. His research work has appeared in Japanese, English and Chinese publications. His research interests include inequality, poverty, the quality of life, governance, and public policy in contemporary China. He participated in the 2002, 2007, and 2013 China Household Income Project (CHIP) surveys.