Philip James is Professor of Ecology in the School of Environment and Life Sciences at the University of Salford. In addition to his post at the University of Salford, Philip has honorary positions at the Universities of Manchester and Cambridge. Prior to The Biology of Urban Environments Philip has previously co-authored two books on Urban Ecology and has published the results of his own, and collaborative research, in journal articles. Philip is a Fellow of the Royal society of Biology and a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management.